# Trading Fees and Price Impact Price impact and trading fees are incurred whenever an account's position changes. #### **Settlement Fee** The settlement fee is charged anytime the position changes – this is a fixed amount set by the settlementFee parameter and is used to cover the oracle keeper fee. π‘ π‘’π‘‘π‘‘π‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘πΉπ‘’π‘’=π‘ π‘’π‘‘π‘‘π‘™π‘’π‘šπ‘’π‘›π‘‘πΉπ‘’π‘’settlementFee=settlementFee #### **Taker Price Impact** Charged when a long or short position is opened or closed – there are three components to the taker impact: * Notional size of the order, * Change in skew that it causes the market * Impact that it causes the market. The change in skew is defined as βˆ£π‘ π‘˜π‘’π‘€β€™βˆ’π‘ π‘˜π‘’π‘€βˆ£βˆ£skewβ€™βˆ’skew∣, and is meant to measure the size of the order relative to the market. The impact is defined as βˆ£π‘ π‘˜π‘’π‘€β€™βˆ£βˆ’βˆ£π‘ π‘˜π‘’π‘€βˆ£βˆ£skewβ€™βˆ£βˆ’βˆ£skew∣, and is meant to measure how much the order hurt or helped the overall skew of the market. π‘ π‘˜π‘’π‘€πΉπ‘’π‘’=Ξ”π‘ π‘˜π‘’π‘€βˆ—π‘‘π‘Žπ‘˜π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘†π‘˜π‘’π‘€πΉπ‘’π‘’π‘–π‘šπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘‘πΉπ‘’π‘’=π‘–π‘šπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘‘βˆ—π‘‘π‘Žπ‘˜π‘’π‘ŸπΌπ‘šπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘‘πΉπ‘’π‘’π‘‘π‘Žπ‘˜π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘ƒπ‘Ÿπ‘–π‘π‘’πΌπ‘šπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘‘=π‘›π‘œπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘Žπ‘™βˆ—(π‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘’πΉπ‘’π‘’+π‘ π‘˜π‘’π‘€πΉπ‘’π‘’+π‘–π‘šπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘‘πΉπ‘’π‘’)skewFeeimpactFeetakerPriceImpact​=Ξ”skewβˆ—takerSkewFee=impactβˆ—takerImpactFee=notionalβˆ—(baseFee+skewFee+impactFee)​ #### **Maker Fee** Similarly, the maker fee is charged when a maker position is opened or closed – There are two components to the maker fee: * Notional size of the order * Change in utilization that it causes the market. The change in utilization is defined as `utilization’ - utilization`, and is meant to measure how much the order hurt or helped the overall utilization of the market. π‘šπ‘Žπ‘˜π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘“π‘’π‘’=π‘›π‘œπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›π‘Žπ‘™βˆ—(π‘šπ‘Žπ‘˜π‘’π‘ŸπΉπ‘’π‘’+Ξ”π‘’π‘‘π‘–π‘™π‘–π‘§π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘›βˆ—π‘šπ‘Žπ‘˜π‘’π‘ŸπΌπ‘šπ‘π‘Žπ‘π‘‘πΉπ‘’π‘’)makerfee=notionalβˆ—(makerFee+Ξ”utilizationβˆ—makerImpactFee) ### Fee Split All collected fees are split between the Makers (and in rare cases takers), Perennial treasury, and the respective Product owner's treasury. This allows market owners (whether individual organization or DAOs / protocols) to collect revenue directly from the administration of the Products and their parameters.